Liuli is a generic term for glass frits in ancient China. Her use has been more than 3,000 years old, dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It has been used exclusively for the royal family since ancient times, and it has extremely strict requirements for users, so it is rare for the public.
Liuli is known as the first of China's five famous instruments (gold and silver, jade, glass, ceramic, bronze), one of the seven treasures of Buddhism. The manufacturing process of the glass in the Ming Dynasty has been basically lost, but even the process of the Ming Dynasty is still very fragmented. Grade protection.
In real life, people's understanding of glass is also a mysterious substance that can bring good luck. This kind of good fortune includes two aspects. One is the earliest treasure of wealth, that is, the lucky one, and the other is to protect health and seek peace.
At home, the family is in a thousand dollars, and the official is in the Qing Dynasty. A paragraph in "Historical Records" is related to the origin of the glass.
First, what is glaze?
a spiritual thing between glass and natural crystal
The material of the glass is roughly the same as that of the crystal glass. The color of the glass is formed by the fusion of rare metals at high temperatures. The characteristic is that the refractive index of light is high, so it can show a crystal clear effect. Under the cooperation of light, the artistic characteristics can be fully expressed. The works produced by the casting process are strong in expression, rich in layers, exquisite and delicate, especially the flow of color is unpredictable, or enthusiasm, or connotation, and different pieces.
The composition of the glass is roughly the same as that of the crystal glass. The difference between the glass and the glass is roughly as follows:
1, the color of the glass is a rare metal in the high temperature state of the fusion and present a variety of colors, so the color of the glass is bright, extravagant, with metallic luster.
2, because the glass content of the glass is greater than the glass, so when the glass is lightly tapped, it has a crisp metallic sound that is completely different from the glass.
Crystal glass: Crystal glass refers to the glass material plus lead oxide called crystal glass. The proportion of lead oxide added varies with the customary definition of each country. Generally speaking, when the proportion of lead oxide is more than 24%, the transmittance and refractive index of the glass are both good and heavy, and soft. It is very suitable for firing into exquisite glass art works. When European and American countries talk about crystal wares, it means using such crystal glass materials, and the price is not comparable to that of ordinary glass.
2. What is the dewaxing casting used in the production of glaze?
Casting is one of the glass forming methods. The main process is to heat the glaze to a high temperature to make it flowable and flow into a pre-formed mold. Since the mold shell is produced by heating the dewaxing mold, it is called dewaxing casting. Because of the lead-containing artificial crystal, the high refractive index of diamonds and the high fluidity at high temperatures, casted glass is often made of artificial crystal.
The production process is as follows:
According to the design drawing, the original soil mold - turning the plastic mold - filling the wax mold - finely repairing the wax mold - the surrounding plaster mold - heating the wax removal mold - getting the fireproof plaster mold - the scale with the glass material - Into the furnace sintering - demoulding - rough repair - fine repair - grinding - polishing - finished products: a total of fifteen orders.
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Third, why do the glaze works have the same style, but the color difference is quite large?
This is the characteristic of the glazed work (dewaxing casting method). Each piece is made by hand, and it is also different due to the amount of color material placed. Moreover, the change after entering the furnace is difficult to master, so each piece is Each has a unique personality, and collectors can choose the collection according to their personal preferences.
Fourth, how is the color of glaze?
The color beauty of glass is through its special material, understanding and mastering the chemical characteristics of the material, as well as the requirements of color fixing and color matching of the material, grasping the dosage ratio and the position of use, and the performance is achieved by high temperature firing. from. Different metal oxides can make the glass appear different colors. For example, the green color in the glass comes from the iron oxide contained in the glass. Others such as copper oxide can make the glass appear blue-green, cobalt oxide produces blue, and manganese oxide produces purple. . In general, the coloration of metal oxides to glass varies depending on the type of glass. If the ratio of various metal oxides is different, the color will be different.
The color of the glaze works is determined by the glaze material (the color of the glaze is made by adding different metal oxides to the raw materials and firing at a high temperature of 1500 ° C). Due to the second low temperature processing, the color of the glass is naturally flowing, and the color of the raw material will not be dissolved into another color. Since the glass material will automatically penetrate when it is poured into the mold, the color flow is more variable.
"Empty spirit, exquisite and subtle, can absorb huacai and crystal clear, can be beautiful and shocking, but it is instantly destroyed, can be transformed into a vicious but quiet and quiet." This is the color beauty of the glass for us.
5. Why do bubbles remain in the work? Is the bubble inevitable?
Dewaxing expects the method to be sintered at medium temperature (about 900 ° C). When the glaze slurry flows into the mold, it is like a magma flowing slowly to generate bubbles. At this time, the glass is thick, and the bubbles formed by the gaps between the glass blocks are not easy to float, so there are bubbles. This is normal. Unless you choose a simple color, you can easily do it without bubbles. Since bubbles in most cases affect the look and feel of the work, especially the more pronounced flaws on the surface, almost all manufacturers make efforts to reduce and reduce bubbles. The more advanced the technique, the less bubbles there will be. Of course, the bubble is sometimes a form of the designer's creative idea, but the bubble is controllable at this time, its size and distribution are the result of the design, and the glass is thin at high temperature (above 1400 °C). At this time, the large bubbles are easy to float and disappear, and some small bubbles remain in the works. Foreign artists say: "Sparks are the breath of glass," which is the characteristic of the work.
Glass maintenance
1. Do not collide or rub the movement to avoid surface scratches
2. Keep at room temperature, avoid being placed under damp and high-level scratches, or heat or cool it yourself
3. Smooth surface, should not be placed directly on the table, preferably with a gasket or flannel
4. It should be wiped with pure water. If tap water is used, it must be stored for more than 12 hours to keep the surface of the glass shiny and translucent, and it should not be stained with oil and foreign matter.
5. Avoid contact with sulfur gas, chlorine gas, etc., to avoid chemical changes
Appreciation of colored glaze
1. Appreciate the light and shadow effect, especially the refraction of light with different angles and colors, which can show the stereoscopic viewing angle effect.
2. Appreciate the natural flow of color and appreciate the natural beauty of the glass "breathing"
3. The monochrome enamel presents a clear, translucent texture, and the variegated glass works of different shades tell the diverse creative language through the flow of color.
4. The transparency of the glass should not be too pure and too bright, and it needs to have a certain level and difference in finish, otherwise it will lose its dynamic beauty of life.
5. Feel the beauty of the whole world brought about by the perfect combination of overall shape and color, beauty and creative ideas
6. Appreciate the national culture (non-folk) and structural features contained in colored glass from the perspective of craftsmanship
7. The dewaxing and casting process determines that there are no two identical glass works in the world, carefully savoring the color flow of different colored glass and discovering different artistic conceptions.
Glass problem
First, the work seems to be so beautiful to be able to play the lights?
Without the cooperation of lights, is it that the effect will be much worse? The material of the glass determines the combination of light, and the expressiveness of the work will be perfect, but it also needs to be combined with the shape, color and display environment of the work. It is not absolutely necessary to light. If the lines of the work are relatively simple, you don't need too much light; on the contrary, the finer works require light coordination.
Second, what is water glass? How is it different from glaze?
Water glaze is a resin product made of transparent resin glue and pigment. It is characterized by low cost, simple process and easy mass production. The difference between glass and glass is mainly:
1. The resin has a low refractive index and the texture of the product is different. The water glass lacks the crystal texture of the lead crystal glass.
2. The difference in weight, the weight of water glass is about 30% of the glass
3. Water glass is easy to age and color is unstable
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