Development and application of ultra-fine blister high-speed spinning oil agent Wei Junfu Zheng Fguo Xu Jinyun Sun Changle (Tianjin University of Technology High-tech Industrial Company, Tianjin, 300160) Research on compound technology. The application performance of the ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil agent has been developed.
Chinese Library Classification: TS103841: A superfine polypropylene low-elastic yarn with a single fiber fineness below 1dtex. Due to its unique wicking effect, the fabric is breathable, moisture-proof, gentle, warm, and has excellent comfort and hygiene. It is a new product of the textile industry. For example, the famous "ADIDAS" sportswear and American military underwear have adopted fine-denier polypropylene filaments. 111. China's ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning technology has reached the world's advanced level and has been established. Several thousands of tons of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning production lines began to transfer from scientific research to industrial production. After the women's and children's underwear made of domestic fine-denier polypropylene low-elastic yarns are put on the market, they are favored by consumers, and the demand for such fibers will be rapidly growing. However, it was found in the production process that the ordinary high-speed spinning oil agent could not meet the technical requirements of the ultrafine fiber, and the spinnability was poor, the wool yarn and the broken head were many, the product grade rate was low, and the polyurethane (PU) friction sheet was false twisted. The problem of wear and tear is very fast. When the service life of the friction plate is serious, it is only about two weeks. The oil agent has become a major obstacle to the industrial production of ultra-high-speed polypropylene high-speed spinning in China. To this end, the research and development of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil agent was carried out.
In this paper, the effects of oil on mechanical properties of fibers, swelling of polyurethane friction discs, uniform oiling and biodegradation were studied. It not only solves the problem of high-speed spinning spinnability of ultra-fine polypropylene, but also improves the first-class yield of fiber. At the same time, it studies some basic problems in the development and production of domestic chemical fiber oil agent, and has positively improved the research level of chemical fiber oil agent in China. significance.
1Experiment 1.1 Test main raw materials for self-synthesis of polyether for oil agent, synthetic method according to biodegradability reference non-ionic surfactant test method 14, polyurethane swelling reference and modification, polyurethane sample at (90 ± 2) ° C Completely immersed in the oil monomer, removed, washed and dried after 4 days, measure the quality change, observe the surface condition, carry out comprehensive evaluation, 1.3 oil application main process and equipment 2 Results and discussion 1 Research target according to ultra-fine The high-speed spinning fiber of polypropylene has high fiber processing speed, high processing speed and many processing steps, which cause the fiber to be easily damaged. The effects of uniform oiling, oil agent on fiber structure and mechanical properties and polyurethane friction disc, biodegradability, oil film strength, etc. The problem, starting from the relationship between the structure and performance of the monomer, carried out oil formulation design and compounding research, after a small test, pilot test, large test in the chemical fiber plant, developed a stable oil formulation.
22 Uniform oiling Evenly oiling is the premise of stabilizing the functions of the oil. Whether the oil agent can adhere to the surface of each fiber directly affects the friction behavior between the yarn and the contact parts. If the oil is too small, the spinning tension will fluctuate, and even the filaments and broken ends will be caused. Since the ultra-fine polypropylene fiber has a larger specific surface area, the number of fibers is larger, the strength is low, and the oil uniformity is particularly important. Uniform oiling is related to the wetting properties of the oil and the surface tension. Generally, the faster the wetting speed, the lower the surface tension and the more uniform the oiling. The wetting property of the oil agent is mainly determined by the structure of the polyether monomer used, and the type of the polyether initiator and the structure of the ether chain have a great influence on the wetting ability.
Table 1 Effect of polyether structure on wetting properties Type Butanol Octyl alcohol lauryl alcohol isooctyl alcohol butanol block Wetting/Note: EO/PO ratio is 50/50 (mol), molecular weight 1100 is divided by butanol block In addition, they are all random structures.
The test results are divided into 4Ait and eB grades, the worst ubliShM 1 group) company | research project project e contract number T / wwinkUet - C,. And the branched structure initiator, as well as the block structure of the polyether, can effectively improve the wetting properties of the oil. The ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil developed by this project has a wetting time of 2s and a surface tension of 2 10Nk. It has excellent wetting performance and can meet the needs of uniform oiling.
2.3 Oil agent for the polyurethane friction sheet Swelling Superfine polypropylene is used in the polyurethane surface friction film with low surface hardness but high price. The ordinary high-speed spinning oil agent is very serious for the swelling of the polyurethane friction sheet. The rotating friction plates rub against each other under a certain tension, and the surface of the swollen polyurethane friction plate is quickly ground with a lot of grooves, which not only affects the false twist effect, but also tends to cause filaments and broken ends, and the service life is less than two weeks in the most serious case.
Therefore, reducing the swelling of the oil on the polyurethane friction sheet is a problem that must be solved by the ultrafine polypropylene high speed spinning oil.
Firstly, the swelling effect of common monomers in polyurethane oil on polyurethane materials was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. According to the test results, avoid using PEG esters and nonylphenol polyethers with D-grade evaluation results in oil agents. Alkyl phosphate antistatic agent, as far as possible to use materials rated A and B, but because mineral oil and long-chain fatty acid esters are not suitable for use in ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil, so selected The EO/PO fatty alcohol polyether having a moderate molecular weight (000 to 2000) is mainly composed of an appropriate amount of a high molecular weight polyether and a polyether phosphate salt which swells less. The developed superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has a swelling weight change rate of polyurethane material of 0.58%, and the comprehensive evaluation is AB grade. There is no obvious wear after 10 weeks of use, which is far better than the CD grade of ordinary high-speed spinning oil.
Table 2 Swelling results of oil monomer to polyurethane material Sample evaluation grade Sample rating Water linear alcohol polyoxyethylene ether mineral oil branched chain alcohol polyoxyethylene long chain fatty acid ester polyethylene glycol (PEG) diester High molecular weight O polyethylene glycol (PEG) monoester medium molecular weight (1 polyether nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP series) low molecular weight certain phosphate ester 2.4 oil agent on fiber structure and mechanical properties POY and DTY It is often necessary to store it for a period of time before the post-processing, so during this time, whether the oil agent has adverse effects on the fiber structure and mechanical properties, and the extent of the impact, has become a concern of us.
The effects of oil on fiber structure and mechanical properties are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. It can be seen from the table that after 30 days of storage, POY and DTY fibers strongly indicate that the ultrafine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has no adverse effect on fiber structure and mechanical properties. .
Table 3 Effect of oil on mechanical properties of ultra-fine polypropylene Sample and storage fineness CV Breaking strength Breaking strength Elongation Elongation Elongation days (days) Table 4 Effect of oil on fiber structure Sample and storage days Melting point / °C Crystallinity/% Relative Orientation/% 2.5 Oil film strength strength loss is a problem often encountered in the process of superfine polypropylene. In addition to the use of polyurethane friction sheets with low surface hardness, the oil film strength of oil is improved. Effectively protecting the fiber is also an effective means of reducing the loss of strength. The oil film strength is characterized by the oil wear resistance. When the fiber is in contact with the high-speed rotating friction plate, the oil film attached to the fiber surface cannot be broken under high temperature, high speed and certain pressure. Otherwise, the fiber film changes and the fiber is changed. The friction behavior, the large frictional resistance, not only affects the spinnability, but also adds white powder during false twist. In the design of the formula, this factor has been fully considered. It contains double bonds or other polar genes, which can effectively improve the oil film strength. However, it is easy to cause coking and contaminate the hot plate during the bombing, so it is added with wear resistance during compounding. A good phosphate ester and a high molecular weight polyether, and a saturated polyether with a high oil film strength as the main superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has an oil film strength of 88 kg POY. After stretching and twisting, the DTY strength is still Slightly improved.
2.6 Biodegradation Water pollution is a worldwide problem facing human beings. It not only makes precious clean water sources more scarce, but also can harm human health and the survival of animals and plants through biological chains. Waste water containing various additives is a serious pollutant, which is often caused by water pollution due to its difficulty in rapidly degrading in a short time. Therefore, studying the biodegradability of oil agents, developing environmentally friendly degradable oil agents, and fundamentally solving their pollution problems not only have certain theoretical value, but also have more important practical significance for a country with a serious shortage of water resources in China. .
The biodegradability of ultrafine polypropylene high speed spinning oil depends on the properties of the raw material monomers. The fatty alcohol EO/PO random polyether and the fatty acid EO/PO random polyether have good biodegradability, so the oil degree, degree of crystallinity, etc. have not changed significantly, and the main body of Mish The biodegradability of nonylphenol polyether is not suitable for the use of large PO blocks on polyether molecular chains, and it is also difficult to biodegrade. This topic takes full account of this in the design of polyether molecular structures, using multiple small Block to adjust its performance. The developed ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has good biodegradability and the biodegradation rate reaches 97%. 2.7 Application of oil application The machine experiment was carried out in Shuyuan Fan Chemical Fiber Factory of Zhongyuan Oilfield and Sipulun Company of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experimental results are shown in Table 5. The test shows that the ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil pre-spinning has good spinnability, uniform oiling, less spatter, high-speed spinning production, good quality POY fiber, and smooth POY rewinding. It can meet the requirements of the drawing false twisting process, the false twisting is uniform, the spinning is stable, the wool and broken ends are less, and the DTY-class rate is obviously improved. Polyurethane friction linings have low wear and tear, and there is no strength loss of DTY after the bombing, which is easy to operate.
3 Oil agent index and performance Superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil agent index and performance are shown in Table 6. Table 5 Oil agent practical application quality index Sample fineness CV breaking strength Breaking strength CV elongation at break Elongation at break CV boiling water shrinkage ( %) Oil content first grade rate (%) Table 6 Superfine polypropylene high speed spinning oil agent index and performance item Oil agent index Item Oil agent performance item Friction coefficient Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid Wetting time F/CMd (fiber and ceramic Intermittent friction) Effective smoke point (c) Surface tension (N/cm) (static friction between fibers and fibers) Flash point (c) Emulsion stability (12%) 72i Stabilized oil film strength (kg) 4 Conclusion According to ultrafine polypropylene high speed The spinning process and the characteristics of the fiber, starting from the relationship between the structure and properties of the oil agent, the monomer performance and compounding technology of the ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil agent were studied. The oil agent developed can be uniformly oiled, has good biodegradability, has little swelling on the polyurethane friction sheet, has no adverse effect on fiber structure and mechanical properties, and has high oil film strength.
The ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil is evaluated by the fiber production application, which can meet the requirements of spinning and post-processing. The spinnability is good, the production process is smooth, the product quality meets the quality standard, and the DTY-class rate reaches more than 85%.
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